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The importance of managing stress

The importance of managing stress

During our teenage years, we may experience some key changes and events in our lives such as puberty, and moving from primary to secondary school.

Through these changes, we can learn more about ourselves, for instance what hobbies and activities we may enjoy. We may also be trying to find our identity, explore how to be independent as well as take on new responsibilities that come our way. This period of growth can be an exciting time for us.

With so many things to juggle, it’s normal to feel stressed at times. Hence, this is a crucial time to take care of our mental well-being by understanding and managing our stress so that we are better positioned to deal with challenges that come our way.

Why do we feel stressed?

Stress is a common word that we hear often. We all seem to know what it’s like to feel stressed, but what exactly does it mean?

Stress is a normal response to everyday pressures. Daily needs and demands such as responsibilities, decisions, relationships, and money can cause stress.

Stressors trigger the release of two types of hormones in the body — adrenaline and cortisol.

Adrenaline

Adrenaline is a fight-or-flight hormone. It causes an increase in heart rate, breathing and blood sugar levels. It also diverts blood flow from our digestive system to our muscles.

Cortisol

Cortisol is a stress hormone, triggered when we feel threatened. It directs energy from other parts of the body to the brain to deal with the threat. After the danger has passed, cortisol levels should decrease and return to a normal state.

However, if we are under constant stress, excessive cortisol could lead to health problems such as rapid weight gain, high blood pressure, etc.

Why do we feel stressed?

Fight, Flight or Freeze:
The three natural coping responses

Fight

Fight

Fight is a response to literally fight the real or perceived danger.
Flight

Flight

This means we are preparing to run away from the stressor.
Freeze

Freeze

This means being unable to respond in the presence of the stressor.
Why does stress feel particularly bad for me?

We might feel more stress during this period of our lives because we are facing many changes in our bodies during this stage of growth. For instance, our bodies produce more cortisol as we go through puberty, thus making us more vulnerable to stress.

The changes in our brain also play a big part. The amygdala, the part of our brain involved in processing stress and emotions, matures faster than the prefrontal cortex, the part of our brain involved in planning and decision making. As a result, dealing with stress becomes harder.

Stress can be triggered by both positive and negative events in our lives. Even happy events can cause stress if they bring about major changes.

Stress is caused by our perception or evaluation of situations. When we feel an event is threatening and beyond our ability to cope, we would become stressed. For example, someone may view a new group project as stressful, but another may see it as a challenge and feel excited about it.

Common causes include:

Personal

Personal

  • High expectations from others and ourselves
  • Relationships
  • Problems or conflicts with family, friends and/or peers
  • Comparing oneself with others
  • Death of loved ones
  • Transiting into different schools
  • Subconscious negative thoughts
  • Feelings about ourselves
  • Changes in our body
Financial

Financial

  • Financial issues within the family
Environmental triggers

Environmental triggers

  • Excessive noise
  • Traffic jams
  • Time pressure
  • Stress faced by people around us
  • Negative remarks from others (e.g. through social media) and peer pressure
Studies

Studies

  • Exams and assignments
  • Competition
Health & safety

Health & safety

  • Illness
  • Long-term illness or severe health problems in the family
  • Health epidemic
  • Accidents
  • Injury

We can’t control when stress will show up in our lives, but we can prepare ourselves to manage it better when it does.
Learn how to manage stress here.

Everyone responds to stress with different levels of intensity. Our body sends out various signals to warn us, such as:

What are the signs of stress?

Physical
Signs

(How your body might react)

  • Headaches, migraines
  • Stomach aches
  • Muscle tension
  • Rapid heartbeats
  • Sweaty palms
  • Trembling
  • Chronic fatigue

Cognitive
Signs

(How you might think)

  • Poor concentration
  • Forgetfulness
  • Difficulty in organising and making decisions

Behavioural
Signs

(How you might behave)

  • Acting in a defensive, aggressive or impulsive manner
  • Nervous habits (e.g. stammering or biting nails)
  • Avoidance of tasks
  • Withdrawal from social activities
  • Drinking or smoking excessively
  • Sleep problems
  • Crying
  • Loss of appetite or overeating

Emotional
Signs

(How you might feel)

  • Anxiety and being bad-tempered
  • Excessive worrying, moody
  • Sadness, fear
  • Feeling overwhelmed
  • Restlessness or irritability

How does prolonged stress affect us?

Prolonged stress (stress that lasts for a long time) exposes our body constantly to the effects of adrenaline or cortisol and may lead to health problems such as:

Nervous breakdown or mental conditions such as depression
Nervous breakdown or mental conditions such as depression
Poorer sleep quality
Poorer sleep quality
Bodily illnesses such as worsening of asthmatic conditions, heart and kidney problems, and digestive problems
Bodily illnesses such as worsening of asthmatic conditions, heart and kidney problems, and digestive problems
Decreased immunity levels, thereby increasing our chances of getting colds and other illnesses
Decreased immunity levels, thereby increasing our chances of getting colds and other illnesses

Stress self-assessment
tool

Stress self-assessment tool

Stress is a normal response to everyday pressures.

The Stress subscale is a set of 7 questions adapted from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) that those aged 14 and above can use to assess their reactions to stress levels and ability to relax.

Please note this is a self-assessment and not a medical diagnosis.

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